British wage-earners have taken £5,000 pay cut in five years, figures show

Government figures will fuel debate about living standards before 2015 general election

Britain's wage-earners have taken a £5,000 pay cut in the past five years, according to government figures, suggesting ministers will struggle to engender a feelgood factor before the 2015 general election.

The figures published by the Office for National Statistics show wages and salaries for the middle fifth of non-retired households fell from £33,100 in 2007-08 to £28,300 in 2011-12. Over the same period original income, which is the income households get from employment and investments, fell from £37,900 to £32,600, while cash benefits rose from £3,100 to £4,600.

The figures will fuel the debate about living standards before the general election, and about whether the government has done enough to protect the typical wage-earner.

The figures confirm that the earnings squeeze pre-dates the 2007 recession, appearing to endorse Ed Miliband's claim that the link between wages and growth has been broken, one of his chief justifications for his willingness to intervene in the market. The report says: "While GDP per person continued to grow at similar rates between 2004-5 and 2007-8, growth of median household income slowed to a fifth of its previous rate in the years immediately before the start of the economic downturn."

The Treasury will be fervently hoping that it will be able to show the link has been restored in 2014, either because economic growth is so strong or because it has taken steps to make work pay with its welfare reforms.

But the figures also show that despite the big rise in personal allowances due to budget decisions by the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives, median household income for the overall population has fallen by 3.8%, after adjusting for inflation, since the start of the downturn.

However, while the median income for non-retired households fell by 6.4% between 2007-08 and 2011-12, the median income for retired households grew by 5.1%.

Between 2007-08 and 2011-12, average income from employment and investments for the middle fifth of non-retired households fell from £37,900 to £32,600.

Cash benefits for the middle fifth of non-retired households rose from £3,100 to £4,600 between 2007-08 and 2011-12. As a result, the average proportion of gross income coming from cash benefits increased from 7.6% to 12.3% for this group.

Average direct taxes paid by the middle fifth of non-retired households have fallen from £8,700 in 2007-08 to £6,800 in 2011-12. As a percentage of gross income, this is equivalent to a fall from 21.1% to 18.3%.

Looking over a longer period between 1977 and 2011-12, the middle fifth of households saw an increase in unequivalised gross income from £18,500 to £30,100, after taking inflation into account.

The report confirms the extent to which the reforms have hit middle incomes, but also the way in which the retired have been relatively immunised, confirming there is an issue of inter-generational fairness to be addressed. The retired median household income is still much lower in absolute terms than non-retired income.

The Treasury countered the figures with its own report showing wage growth had followed GDP growth in the previous two recessions. It says that although wages have shrunk, this disguises the extent to which workers have been subsidised by higher company pension contributions or higher national insurance contributions.

The Resolution Foundation, a thinktank that specialises in this policy field, said: "It is striking that there was a pronounced slowing in the growth of median household incomes even before the years of economic downturn. It confirms that between 2004 and 2008 income growth slowed to a fifth of its previous rate, even as GDP growth kept up a consistent pace. This underlines Resolution Foundation work highlighting the major slowdown in wages and incomes that occurred well before the great recession.

"The figures also reveal a dramatic generational difference – with the incomes of working-age households falling by more than 6% since 2008 while those of retired households have continued to rise. The pre-crisis slowdown is likely to have been even starker if we looked only at working-age households."

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Simplified gas and electricity tariffs to begin by 2014

Regulator Ofgem promises the biggest shakeup of the energy retail market since competition began

All UK households will receive simplified gas and electricity tariffs by the end of the year and must be told the cheapest deal available from their supplier by the spring, industry regulator Ofgem said on Tuesday.

Energy companies must offer no more than four tariffs for each type of fuel in the first stage of a package of reforms, which aim to make the energy market more transparent and simplify pricing.

The reforms, backed by the prime minister, include new standards of conduct – a sign that the regulator is taking more aggressive action against energy companies found to have misled customers. Ofgem said the new guidelines would force suppliers to go through "a culture change" in the way they treat consumers.

David Cameron pledged last year to force energy companies to offer customers their lowest tariffs – a promise the regulator is now trying to deliver.

Ofgem has described the reforms as the biggest shakeup of the energy retail market since competition began. In the first step, new enforceable standards of conduct require suppliers to ensure that every domestic customer is treated fairly. New rules forcing suppliers to put details of their cheapest offers – personalised for individual consumers – on all bills will be introduced by the end of March.

Ofgem's chief executive, Andrew Wright, said the reforms aim to tackle the lack of trust which had "blighted" the energy market following revelations of large-scale mis-selling.

He said: "Suppliers have already taken some steps to make the energy market simpler for customers and we welcome that, but our package of reforms means they must go further. The standards of conduct we have introduced require suppliers to go through a culture change in the way they treat consumers.

"They have to make sure they are embedding simplicity, clarity and fairness into all their dealings with consumers to tackle the lack of trust that has blighted the market. The standards of conduct will also enhance consumer protection as they are backed by Ofgem's power to levy fines."

Ofgem has the power to levy a maximum fine of 10% of a company's annual turnover for breach of conduct although it has never gone up to this ceiling.

Ofgem is working to ensure energy company customers are offered the lowest tariffs.
In May it imposed its biggest fine – £10.5m – on energy company SSE for numerous breaches of the company's obligations relating to telephone, in-store and doorstep sales activities. Ofgem said SSE – which provides gas, electricity, phone and broadband for 9.6m households – had made misleading and inaccurate statements to customers in order to make a sale.

Consumer groups welcomed the reforms but questioned whether they go far enough. The executive director of consumer group Which?, Richard Lloyd, said: "Improving the way suppliers deal with their customers is a step forward but Ofgem's reforms to fix the broken energy market do not go far enough.

"Rising energy bills are consistently one of the top worries for consumers so the government must step in to ensure trust in suppliers is rebuilt and prices are kept in check. We want the government to introduce simple pricing and to ringfence energy supply from generation businesses to increase confidence that there is effective competition in the energy market."

New government figures released this month showed that households in England and Wales cut their energy use by a quarter between 2005 and 2011 as prices soared. The sharp fall was probably caused by a mix of efficiency measures and environmental awareness, as well as steep price rises, the Office for National Statistics (ONS) said.

Households have faced large price increases in recent years at the same time as wages have remained frozen, squeezing budgets. Over the past three years, average bills have risen by 28% to £1,420 a year, Ofgem said.

Energy suppliers insisted that they had already taken steps to simplify tariffs.

Angela Knight, chief executive of the industry body Energy UK, said: "Energy suppliers are ahead of the game in making tariffs simpler and have already made them easier to understand and easier to compare as part of their moves to put the customer first.

"Changes are also well under way in better and clearer communications. Companies are working closely with all the policy makers and the regulator, and most importantly with their customers, as Ofgem knows."

Article Source : http://www.guardian.co.uk

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